In the 'Three Lines of Defence' model, which line is responsible for providing an independent perspective and challenge?

In the 'Three Lines of Defence' model, the third line of defence plays a crucial role in providing an independent perspective and challenge within an organization. This line typically consists of internal auditors who have the authority and responsibility to assess the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.

The independence of the third line ensures that it can objectively evaluate the organization’s risk management strategies and control environments without any conflicts of interest that might arise in the first and second lines of defence, which are often composed of operational management and risk management functions. The third line's independence is essential for fostering transparency and accountability, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the organization's risk landscape and ensuring that the first two lines are adhering to policies and procedures effectively.

Understanding this structure is fundamental for anyone in the banking sector, as it delineates clear roles and responsibilities when it comes to managing risk and ensuring compliance, thereby enhancing overall organizational resilience.