Which of the following are key components of a bank's balance sheet?

The key components of a bank's balance sheet are assets, liabilities, and equity. These elements form the foundation of financial accounting and provide a clear overview of a bank's financial position at a given point in time.

Assets represent what the bank owns and include items like loans, investments, cash, and real estate. Liabilities signify what the bank owes, encompassing customer deposits and other borrowings. Equity represents the ownership interest in the bank and is calculated as the difference between total assets and total liabilities. This relationship is captured in the basic accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.

These components are essential for understanding a bank's financial health, liquidity, and risk exposure, making them critical for analysis by stakeholders such as investors, regulators, and management. The other options, while relevant to financial performance or other aspects of banking, do not reflect the structural elements typically found on a balance sheet.